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Introduction Paraphilic disorders and gender dysphoria represent two distinct yet frequently misunderstood categories within human sexuality. While paraphilic disorders refer to atypical sexual interests that cause significant personal distress, impairment,
Introduction Human sexuality is a central aspect of physical and emotional well-being. It involves biological processes, psychological experiences, relational dynamics, and sociocultural influences. When these factors function harmoniously, individuals typically
Introduction Mood disorders—principally depression and mania—constitute a major domain of psychopathology and clinical assessment. Accurate measurement of these conditions is essential for diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating therapeutic outcomes (Sarason
Introduction The assessment of personality is a cornerstone of clinical psychology, offering insight into an individual’s enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving (Sarason & Sarason, 2005). Personality inventories provide
Introduction In clinical psychology, the clinical report serves as the formal written documentation of assessment findings, diagnostic impressions, and treatment recommendations. It represents the culmination of a clinician’s investigative process,
Introduction The accurate assessment of mental disorders depends not only on standardized diagnostic systems such as the DSM-5 and ICD-11 but also on the clinician’s ability to gather a detailed
Introduction In clinical psychology and psychiatry, the accurate classification, diagnosis, and assessment of mental disorders are crucial for effective treatment, research, and communication among professionals. Diagnostic systems such as the
Introduction Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSRDs) represent a cluster of psychiatric conditions in which individuals experience physical symptoms or health concerns that are not fully explained by organic pathology.
Introduction Bipolar disorders are severe mood disorders characterized by alternating episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. They are chronic, recurrent conditions that significantly impair functioning, relationships, and quality of
Introduction Depressive disorders constitute a group of psychiatric conditions characterized by persistent disturbances in mood, cognition, and behavior. They represent some of the most prevalent mental health disorders globally, significantly
Introduction Traumatic stress disorders arise following exposure to stressful or traumatic events that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope (APA, 2013). These disorders significantly impair emotional, cognitive, and social functioning.
Introduction Stress disorders in childhood represent significant disruptions in emotional regulation, social functioning, and attachment behaviors. Among these, Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) are particularly