3 Important Motor Disorders: Features, Causes, and Treatment

Introduction Motor Disorders are a subset of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in motor function, coordination, or the presence of repetitive, involuntary movements. These disorders often emerge in childhood and Read More …

Specific Learning and Communication Disorders: Classifications, Types, Etiology, and 4 Important Treatment

Introduction Specific Learning and Communication Disorders constitute a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in acquiring and using academic skills or language despite adequate intelligence, motivation, and educational opportunities. Read More …

Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders: 2 Important Features, 5 Causes, and 6 Treatment

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities Read More …

Intellectual Disabilities: Meaning, 2 Important Types, Causes, 6 Treatments

Introduction Intellectual disability (ID), historically known as “mental retardation,” is a developmental condition marked by significant impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Read More …

7 Important Paradigms in Psychopathology

Introduction Psychopathology, the scientific study of mental disorders, is shaped by diverse theoretical paradigms that attempt to explain the origin, manifestation, and treatment of abnormal behavior. Each paradigms in psychopathology Read More …

DSM-5 and ICD-11: Definition, Criteria, and 2 Important Mental Disorder Classification Systems

Introduction Mental disorders represent complex disturbances in cognition, emotion, and behavior that cause significant distress and impair functioning. Their classification and diagnosis are fundamental for research, treatment, and policy formulation. Read More …

Motivation of Sleep and 2 Important Stages of Sleep

Introduction Sleep is a complex biological and psychological process regulated by both homeostatic and circadian systems, involving brain structures, neurotransmitters, and feedback loops that maintain internal stability and energy balance. Read More …