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Introduction Depressive disorders constitute a group of psychiatric conditions characterized by persistent disturbances in mood, cognition, and behavior. They represent some of the most prevalent mental health disorders globally, significantly
Introduction Traumatic stress disorders arise following exposure to stressful or traumatic events that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope (APA, 2013). These disorders significantly impair emotional, cognitive, and social functioning.
Introduction Stress disorders in childhood represent significant disruptions in emotional regulation, social functioning, and attachment behaviors. Among these, Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) are particularly
Introduction Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders are a distinct category of psychiatric conditions characterized by intrusive thoughts, repetitive behaviors, and compulsions that cause significant distress and functional impairment. The DSM-5 (APA,
Introduction Anxiety is a normal human emotion that serves as a survival mechanism, preparing the body to respond to potential threats through the “fight or flight” response. However, anxiety disorders
Introduction Motor Disorders are a subset of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in motor function, coordination, or the presence of repetitive, involuntary movements. These disorders often emerge in childhood and
Introduction Specific Learning and Communication Disorders constitute a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in acquiring and using academic skills or language despite adequate intelligence, motivation, and educational opportunities.
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Introduction Intellectual disability (ID), historically known as “mental retardation,” is a developmental condition marked by significant impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Introduction Psychopathology, the scientific study of mental disorders, is shaped by diverse theoretical paradigms that attempt to explain the origin, manifestation, and treatment of abnormal behavior. Each paradigms in psychopathology
Introduction The field of mental health has undergone significant evolution over the last century, influenced by scientific advances, sociocultural changes, and shifting legal frameworks. Mental health professionals play a crucial
Introduction India’s Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (MHCA 2017) represents a landmark in the recognition and protection of the rights of individuals with mental illness. It aligns Indian mental health legislation