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Introduction Personality disorders are enduring, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviate sharply from cultural expectations and lead to significant impairment in interpersonal, occupational, and emotional
Introduction Dissociative disorders are a group of psychological disorders characterized by disruption in the normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, and behavior (APA, DSM-5, 2013).
Introduction Classical psychoanalysis, pioneered by Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, laid the foundation for modern psychotherapeutic thought and practice. It remains one of the most
Introduction Projective techniques occupy a unique and enduring place in the field of clinical and abnormal psychology. Emerging from psychoanalytic traditions, these methods are based on the assumption that individuals