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Introduction Contemporary counseling psychology has progressively incorporated diverse therapeutic frameworks that integrate cultural, creative, and systemic approaches to human growth and healing. Yoga Therapy, Expressive Arts Therapy, and Family Therapy
Introduction Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) and Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy (MMT) represent two major contemporary orientations in counseling and psychotherapy. Although they differ significantly in their theoretical assumptions and clinical strategies, both
Introduction Reality Therapy, developed by William Glasser in the 1960s, is a widely applied counseling and psychotherapeutic approach grounded in Choice Theory. The central premise is that individuals are responsible
Introduction Logotherapy, developed by Viktor E. Frankl, represents one of the most profound existential approaches in counseling and psychotherapy. As an approach rooted in the search for meaning, Logotherapy proposes
Introduction Carl Rogers’ Person Centered Therapy (PCT), originally known as Client-Centered Therapy, stands as one of the most influential and humanistic approaches in the history of counseling psychology. Developed in
Introduction Behavior therapy, one of the most influential movements in modern counseling and psychotherapy, emerged as a reaction against the speculative nature of psychoanalysis and the subjective tendencies of humanistic
Introduction Play therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that utilizes play—the natural language of children—as a medium for communication and emotional expression. Rooted in the understanding that children often lack the
Introduction The therapeutic relationships lies at the heart of all counseling and psychotherapy. Regardless of theoretical orientation or treatment modality, the quality of the relationship between counselor and client is
Introduction Transactional Analysis (TA) is a comprehensive theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy approach developed by psychiatrist Eric Berne in the 1950s. It integrates elements of psychoanalytic, humanistic, and
Introduction Classical psychoanalysis, pioneered by Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, laid the foundation for modern psychotherapeutic thought and practice. It remains one of the most
Introduction Psychodynamic therapies, derived from classical psychoanalysis, represents a diverse group of therapeutic approaches that emphasize unconscious processes, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships as central to understanding human behavior.
Introduction Psychotherapy represents a dynamic and evolving field dedicated to alleviating psychological distress, fostering self-understanding, and promoting personal growth through structured therapeutic relationships. The development of psychotherapeutic modalities has been