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Introduction Human thoughts play a powerful role in shaping emotions, behavior, and overall psychological well-being. The way individuals think about themselves, interpret life events, and anticipate the future strongly influences
Introduction Psychotic disorders represent a class of severe mental conditions characterized primarily by a disruption in thought processes, impaired reality testing, perceptual disturbances, and disorganized behavior. Although schizophrenia is the
Introduction Among the most influential figures in modern psychotherapy, Aaron T. Beck revolutionized psychological treatment through the development of Cognitive Therapy (CT), which later evolved into Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT).
Introduction Cognitive behavioural approaches occupy a central position in contemporary counselling psychology. These therapies are grounded in the assumption that thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are interdependent, and that modification of
Introduction Over the past century, a variety of approaches to psychotherapy have emerged, each emphasizing different aspects of human functioning, mechanisms of change, and the therapeutic relationship. While these approaches
Introduction Somatic illnesses, which include both medically explained and unexplained physical symptoms, often intertwine with psychological factors, necessitating a comprehensive treatment approach (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Counseling has emerged