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Introduction Addiction is a complex condition that affects individuals physically, psychologically, and socially. Counseling approaches aim to address these aspects through structured interventions. Several evidence-based methods have proven effective in
Introduction Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a range of conditions that arise due to atypical brain development, often affecting cognitive, social, and emotional functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Common NDDs include
Introduction Emotionally disturbed children exhibit significant emotional and behavioral challenges that interfere with their daily functioning. The term “emotionally disturbed” (ED) is often used in educational and clinical settings to
Introduction The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), also known as the Stages of Change Model, was developed by James O. Prochaska and Carlo C. DiClemente in 1982. Unlike models that assume behavior
Introduction The study of emotions has been a central topic in psychology, with multiple theories attempting to explain how emotions arise and function. One of the most influential models is