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Introduction Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders are a distinct category of psychiatric conditions characterized by intrusive thoughts, repetitive behaviors, and compulsions that cause significant distress and functional impairment. The DSM-5 (APA,
Introduction Anxiety is a normal human emotion that serves as a survival mechanism, preparing the body to respond to potential threats through the “fight or flight” response. However, anxiety disorders
Introduction Psychopathology, the scientific study of mental disorders, is shaped by diverse theoretical paradigms that attempt to explain the origin, manifestation, and treatment of abnormal behavior. Each paradigms in psychopathology
Introduction Antisocial behavior is a broad category in social psychology encompassing actions that violate societal norms and infringe upon the rights and well-being of others. It includes aggression, vandalism, theft,
Introduction In contemporary wellness culture, Hatha Yoga is often associated solely with physical postures. However, in its classical formulation, it is a comprehensive psycho-spiritual discipline aimed at harmonizing the body,
Introduction Psychology, as a discipline, aims to understand the human mind, behavior, and consciousness. While Western psychology developed as a natural science grounded in empirical research and objectivity, Eastern psychology,
Introduction Emotion has long been a central subject of study in psychology, with various theoretical frameworks attempting to explain how humans experience and regulate emotions. Among these, Richard S. Lazarus’s
Introduction Couples counseling is a specialized form of psychotherapy designed to help partners navigate challenges, improve communication, and build a healthier emotional connection (Lebow, 2019). It is particularly useful for
Introduction Marital adjustment is a dynamic process that involves the ongoing effort by both partners to maintain a balanced, fulfilling relationship. Marital counseling plays a pivotal role in guiding couples
Introduction Addiction is a complex condition that affects individuals physically, psychologically, and socially. Counseling approaches aim to address these aspects through structured interventions. Several evidence-based methods have proven effective in
Introduction Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a range of conditions that arise due to atypical brain development, often affecting cognitive, social, and emotional functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Common NDDs include
Introduction Emotionally disturbed children exhibit significant emotional and behavioral challenges that interfere with their daily functioning. The term “emotionally disturbed” (ED) is often used in educational and clinical settings to