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Introduction Statistics is a powerful tool for analyzing, interpreting, and making inferences about data. Two fundamental branches of statistical analysis are parametric and non-parametric statistics. Understanding the differences, assumptions, and
Introduction Probability theory and the normal distribution curve represent two of the most foundational concepts in the field of statistics, especially within disciplines like psychology, education, sociology, and other social
Introduction In psychological and educational measurement, one of the major challenges is interpreting individual performance in a way that is meaningful, accurate, and comparable across different tests, populations, and contexts.
Introduction In the fields of psychology and education, data collection and interpretation play a crucial role in informing decision-making, evaluating outcomes, and conducting research. Descriptive statistics are foundational tools that
Introduction of Norms in Psychological Testing The norms are thus empirically established by determining what a representative group of persons actually do on the test. Any individual’s raw score is