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Introduction Beliefs are fundamental cognitive structures that represent an individual’s acceptance of certain propositions or statements as true. While related to attitudes, beliefs are distinct in that they concern facts
Introduction Antisocial behavior is a broad category in social psychology encompassing actions that violate societal norms and infringe upon the rights and well-being of others. It includes aggression, vandalism, theft,
Introduction Social perception is the psychological process through which individuals form impressions and infer explanations for others’ behavior, motivations, and personality (Baron, Branscombe, & Byrne, 2017). Central to this domain
Introduction Social cognition refers to the mental processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and generating responses to the intentions, behaviors, and emotions of others (Fiske & Taylor, 2017). As a field
Introduction Social psychology investigates how individuals’ behaviors, thoughts, and emotions are shaped by social interactions and societal forces (Fiske, Gilbert, & Lindzey, 2010). Many current trends are shaping the field
Introduction Social psychology centers on understanding how individuals are influenced by others and the surrounding social environment (Allport, 1954, as cited in Kimmel, 2004). To study such phenomena, scholars rely
Introduction Social psychology is a field that investigates how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. One of the central definitions of social psychology comes from Baron, Byrne, and
Introduction Social psychology, as it emerged in the West, has often been criticized for its limited applicability across cultures. Most theories, methods, and constructs have been developed in the United
Introduction Creativity is the ability to generate original, novel, and valuable ideas or products. Measuring creativity has historically been challenging due to its complex, multifaceted nature. Among creativity assessments, the
Introduction Anxiety is a central topic in psychology and psychiatry, manifesting both as a transient state and a stable trait. Differentiating between temporary situational anxiety and an individual’s predisposition to
Introduction Modern research demands accurate statistical analysis, and software tools have become indispensable. Among the most popular packages for researchers and practitioners are SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
Introduction Non-parametric tests provide robust alternatives to parametric methods when data violate assumptions such as normality or homogeneity of variances. These tests are invaluable when dealing with ordinal data, small