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Introduction Dissociative disorders are a group of psychological disorders characterized by disruption in the normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, and behavior (APA, DSM-5, 2013).
Introduction Psychotic disorders represent a class of severe mental conditions characterized primarily by a disruption in thought processes, impaired reality testing, perceptual disturbances, and disorganized behavior. Although schizophrenia is the
Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that profoundly affects thinking, perception, emotion, and behavior. It is considered one of the most disabling mental illnesses due to
Introduction Contemporary counseling psychology has progressively incorporated diverse therapeutic frameworks that integrate cultural, creative, and systemic approaches to human growth and healing. Yoga Therapy, Expressive Arts Therapy, and Family Therapy
Introduction Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) and Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy (MMT) represent two major contemporary orientations in counseling and psychotherapy. Although they differ significantly in their theoretical assumptions and clinical strategies, both
Introduction Reality Therapy, developed by William Glasser in the 1960s, is a widely applied counseling and psychotherapeutic approach grounded in Choice Theory. The central premise is that individuals are responsible
Introduction Logotherapy, developed by Viktor E. Frankl, represents one of the most profound existential approaches in counseling and psychotherapy. As an approach rooted in the search for meaning, Logotherapy proposes
Introduction Carl Rogers’ Person Centered Therapy (PCT), originally known as Client-Centered Therapy, stands as one of the most influential and humanistic approaches in the history of counseling psychology. Developed in
Introduction Among the most influential figures in modern psychotherapy, Aaron T. Beck revolutionized psychological treatment through the development of Cognitive Therapy (CT), which later evolved into Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT).
Introduction Cognitive behavioural approaches occupy a central position in contemporary counselling psychology. These therapies are grounded in the assumption that thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are interdependent, and that modification of
Introduction Behavior therapy, one of the most influential movements in modern counseling and psychotherapy, emerged as a reaction against the speculative nature of psychoanalysis and the subjective tendencies of humanistic
Introduction Play therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that utilizes play—the natural language of children—as a medium for communication and emotional expression. Rooted in the understanding that children often lack the